Prostate cancer occurs when tumors grow in the prostate gland, a part of the male reproductive system. It has various treatment options available, and early detection and treatment can improve survival rates. Treatment options depend on factors like age, health, cancer stage, and personal preferences. Here is more information on prostate cancer and potential treatments:
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer begins in the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate plays a role in male reproductive health by producing fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may not cause immediate symptoms, which can reduce the chances of early detection.
Symptoms of this type of cancer can vary widely among individuals. As the cancer progresses, certain signs may become apparent that disrupt daily routine, including a frequent and urgent need to urinate. Some individuals may notice a weak or interrupted urine flow, making it difficult or painful to fully empty the bladder. Loss of bowel control or difficulty with bowel movements can develop. Painful ejaculation or the presence of blood in semen may be signs indicative of advancing cancer.
Persistent pain in the lower back, hips, or chest may also signal that the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or bones. While these symptoms may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, seek medical evaluation if they arise. Early detection is key to effective treatment and better long-term outcomes.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Screening for cancers at routine check-ups can help diagnose prostate cancer before it progresses. Healthcare professionals may recommend a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test to measure a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels may indicate cancer or other prostate-related issues. A digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be performed to manually check for abnormalities in the prostate. If either test raises concerns, more procedures such as imaging scans, or biopsies may be suggested. These steps help healthcare providers confirm the presence of cancer and determine its stage and risk level.
What Are Treatment Options?
Treatment options depend on the stage and aggressiveness of the disease. They can also depend on the patient’s overall health and preferences. Some treatments are:
- Active Surveillance: Recommended for low-risk, slow-growing cancer. Involves regular PSA tests, DREs, and imaging studies to monitor the cancer’s progression without immediate treatment.
- Immunotherapy: Utilizes the immune system to attack cancer cells, including therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Typically used for advanced or recurrent prostate cancer.
- Hormone Therapy: Reduces or blocks male hormones like testosterone, which fuel cancer growth. Often combined with radiation or surgery in advanced cases.
- Surgery: Includes traditional radical prostatectomy to remove the prostate, commonly used for localized cancer. Technological advancements, such as robotic surgeries, have improved precision and reduced invasiveness.
- Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Non-invasive and effective for both localized and advanced cancer. Methods include external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy (internal radiation).
- Chemotherapy: Employs medications to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. Typically reserved for cases where the cancer has spread or become resistant to hormone therapy.
Talk To an Oncologist About Your Treatment Options
Prostate cancer is a condition that affects many men, especially those over the age of 50, but it can be managed with the right approach and medical support. Early detection and effective treatments can help improve successful outcomes. If you’re experiencing symptoms like frequent or painful urination, reach out to an oncologist for testing.
